^ Ottenburghs, Jente Ydenberg, Ronald C.Birds serve as an excellent example of this fluidity due to the remarkable cross-breeding opportunities. Throughout literature, there tends to be a general vagueness regarding the word "species" and how it should be defined. The reality of bird hybrids also calls into question modern definitions of the word "species". The scientific literature on hybridization in birds has been collected at the Avian Hybrids Project. Some of these hybrid parrots are fertile with both the parent species and other hybrids. Numerous hybrid macaws exist in aviculture and occasionally occur in the wild. Captive songbird hybrids are sometimes called mules. Numerous gamebird, domestic fowl and duck hybrids are known. Hybridisation in shorebirds is unusual but reliably recorded. Wood-warblers are known to hybridize as well, and an unusual three-species warbler hybrid was discovered in May 2018. At least twenty different hummingbird hybrid combinations have been reported, and intergeneric hybrids are not uncommon within the family. In gulls, Western × Glaucous-winged Gulls (known as "Olympic Gulls") are particularly common these hybrids are fertile and may be more evolutionarily fit than either parent species. Mallards, whether of wild or domestic origin, hybridize with other ducks so often that multiple duck species are at risk of extinction because of it. In the wild, some of the most frequently reported hybrids are waterfowl, gulls, hummingbirds, and birds-of-paradise. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of multispecies hybridization remain to be determined. For example, the mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos) is known to interbreed with at least 40 different species. Several bird species hybridize with multiple other species. According to the most recent estimates, about 16% of all wild bird species have been known to hybridize with one another this number increases to 22% when captive hybrids are taken into account. A "successful" hybrid is one demonstrated to produce fertile offspring. Usually, the bird hybrid shows intermediate characteristics between the two species. The resulting bird can present with any combination of characteristics from the parent species, from totally identical to completely different. A Catalina macaw - a blue-and-yellow macaw × scarlet macaw hybridĪ bird hybrid is a bird that has two different species as parents.
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